layout: true background-image: url(theme/uam_logo.png), url(theme/wa_logo.png) background-position: 45% 92%, 60% 92% background-size: 17%, 5% --- class: clear, center, middle, hide-logo <style>.xe__progress-bar__container { top:0; opacity: 1; position:absolute; right:0; left: 0; } .xe__progress-bar { height: 0.25em; background-color: #23766a; width: calc(var(--slide-current) / var(--slide-total) * 100%); } .remark-visible .xe__progress-bar { animation: xe__progress-bar__wipe 200ms forwards; animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(.86,0,.07,1); } @keyframes xe__progress-bar__wipe { 0% { width: calc(var(--slide-previous) / var(--slide-total) * 100%); } 100% { width: calc(var(--slide-current) / var(--slide-total) * 100%); } }</style> .font200[Prosodic boundary strength and prevocalic T-glottaling in Massachusetts English] .font120[Kamil Kaźmierski<br> Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland] Accents 2023 Łódź:: November 30 - December 2, 2023 <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M16.1 260.2c-22.6 12.9-20.5 47.3 3.6 57.3L160 376V479.3c0 18.1 14.6 32.7 32.7 32.7c9.7 0 18.9-4.3 25.1-11.8l62-74.3 123.9 51.6c18.9 7.9 40.8-4.5 43.9-24.7l64-416c1.9-12.1-3.4-24.3-13.5-31.2s-23.3-7.5-34-1.4l-448 256zm52.1 25.5L409.7 90.6 190.1 336l1.2 1L68.2 285.7zM403.3 425.4L236.7 355.9 450.8 116.6 403.3 425.4z"/></svg> [kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl](mailto:kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl) <br> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M579.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L422.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C206.5 251.2 213 330 263 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L579.8 267.7zM60.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C74 372 74 321 105.5 289.5L217.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C433.5 260.8 427 182 377 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L60.2 244.3z"/></svg> Slides available at: [kazmierski-accents2023.netlify.app](https://kazmierski-accents2023.netlify.app) --- layout: false # T-glottaling in American English <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-46afaee6{}.cl-469e746e{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-469e748c{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-46a5c494{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-46a5edb6{width:1.875in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edc0{width:1.953in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edca{width:1.968in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edcb{width:5.025in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edcc{width:1.875in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edd4{width:1.953in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edd5{width:1.968in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edde{width:5.025in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5eddf{width:1.875in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5ede8{width:1.953in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5ede9{width:1.968in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46a5edea{width:5.025in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-46afaee6'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-46a5edb6"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e746e">Level</span></p></th><th class="cl-46a5edc0"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e746e">Context</span></p></th><th class="cl-46a5edca"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e746e">Examples</span></p></th><th class="cl-46a5edcb"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e746e">Source</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td rowspan="2"class="cl-46a5edcc"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">Within words</span></p></td><td class="cl-46a5edd4"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">before nasals</span></p></td><td class="cl-46a5edd5"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">portent, kitten</span></p></td><td class="cl-46a5edde"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">Trager (1942), Zue &amp; Laferriere (1976)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46a5ede8"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">syllable-final</span></p></td><td class="cl-46a5ede9"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">cat, sent, belt</span></p></td><td class="cl-46a5edea"><p class="cl-46a5c494"><span class="cl-469e748c">Selkirk (1972)</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> --- # T-glottaling in American English <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-46e1efa0{}.cl-46d2c872{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 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1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d88848{width:1.952in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d88849{width:2.37in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d88852{width:2.648in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d8885c{width:8.406in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d8885d{width:1.952in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d8885e{width:2.37in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d88866{width:2.648in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46d88867{width:8.406in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-46e1efa0'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-46d88816"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c872">Level</span></p></th><th class="cl-46d88820"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c872">Context</span></p></th><th class="cl-46d8882a"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c872">Examples</span></p></th><th class="cl-46d8882b"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c872">Source</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td rowspan="2"class="cl-46d88834"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Within words</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88835"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">before nasals</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88836"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">portent, kitten</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d8883e"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Trager (1942), Zue &amp; Laferriere (1976)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46d88849"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">syllable-final</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88852"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">cat, sent, belt</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d8885c"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Selkirk (1972)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td rowspan="2"class="cl-46d8885d"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Across words</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88849"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">before sonorants</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88852"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">hat rack, about you</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d8885c"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Pierrehumbert (1994), Kaźmierski, Wojtkowiak &amp; Baumann (2016)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46d8885e"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">before plosives</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88866"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">beet counter</span></p></td><td class="cl-46d88867"><p class="cl-46d8637c"><span class="cl-46d2c87c">Huffman (2005)</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> --- # T-glottaling in American English <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-4714fef4{}.cl-470656ec{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-47065700{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-47065701{font-family:'Arial';font-size:20pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-470c4480{margin:0;text-align:left;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-470c7734{width:1.952in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid 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1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-470c7768{width:1.952in;background-color:rgba(35, 118, 106, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-470c7769{width:2.37in;background-color:rgba(35, 118, 106, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-470c7770{width:2.648in;background-color:rgba(35, 118, 106, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-470c7771{width:8.406in;background-color:rgba(35, 118, 106, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-top: 0.75pt solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-4714fef4'><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-470c7734"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-470656ec">Level</span></p></th><th class="cl-470c773e"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-470656ec">Context</span></p></th><th class="cl-470c7748"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-470656ec">Examples</span></p></th><th class="cl-470c7749"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-470656ec">Source</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td rowspan="2"class="cl-470c774a"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Within words</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7752"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">before nasals</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7753"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">portent, kitten</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7754"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Trager (1942), Zue &amp; Laferriere (1976)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-470c775d"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">syllable-final</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c775e"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">cat, sent, belt</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7766"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Selkirk (1972)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td rowspan="3"class="cl-470c7767"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Across words</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c775d"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">before sonorants</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c775e"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">hat rack, about you</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7766"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Pierrehumbert (1994), Kaźmierski, Wojtkowiak &amp; Baumann (2016)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-470c775d"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">before plosives</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c775e"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">beet counter</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7766"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065700">Huffman (2005)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-470c7769"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065701">before vowels</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7770"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065701">what I</span></p></td><td class="cl-470c7771"><p class="cl-470c4480"><span class="cl-47065701">Eddington &amp; Channer (2010), Kaźmierski (2020)</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> ## Unexpected: Competes with flapping --- class: center, middle, keep-h1-up # Ex. 1: Intervocalic /t/ as a glottal stop <img src="media/spectrograms/what_i_saw_trans.png" width="50%" height="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/audio/s0206a_what_I_saw_80dB.wav" controls preload></audio> --- class: center, middle, keep-h1-up # Ex. 2: Intervocalic /t/ as an 'incomplete' glottal stop <img src="media/spectrograms/get_everywhere_trans.png" width="50%" height="50%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/audio/get_everywhere_mi6I0_80dB.wav" controls preload></audio> --- # *T*-glottaling; gender by age effect <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .footnote[.ref[ Kaźmierski, Kamil. 2020. Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English. *Laboratory Phonology* 11(1), 1-23. ] ] --- class: font160 # Method :: Data .fl.w-40[ - Speakers from Massachusetts (*N* = 20) - Interview speech (UMass Amherst lab) - ASR with WebMAUS (LST Radboud University) - aligned with FAVE-Align (.ref[Rosenfelder et al. 2014]) - Audio & TextGrids available at https://osf.io/mfu5y/ ] .fl.w-60[ <img src="media/participants.png" width="110%" height="110%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- class: font180 # Method :: Analysis - Corpus querying in Labb-CAT <img style="float:left" src="media/labb-cat2.png" /> .ref[(Fromont & Hay 2012)] - **1,652** two word sequences with word-final pre-vocalic .ipa[/t/] - Contexts with word$_2$ starting in .ipa[/ən/] and .ipa[/ɪn/] omitted - Manual annotation of .ipa[/t/] based on audition + spectrograms - Boundaries hand-corrected - Automatic annotation of prosodic boundaries with *wavelet prosody toolkit* (.ref[Suni et al. 2020]) - <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#76232F;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> Bayesian Mixed-effects Binomial Logistic Regresion Modeling with `brms` .ref[(Bürkner 2017)] in R .ref[(R Core Team 2023)] --- # 1/7: Glottal stop .ipa[[ ʔ ]] .fl.w-30[ .middle[ .font140[ - no release burst - identifiable hold stage - irregular vibration before and/or after ] ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 19 yo, Northampton <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_01_about_eight_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 2/7 Incomplete glottal stop .ipa[[ ◌̰ ]] .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - no release burst - irregular vibration throughout ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 21 yo, Framingham <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_02_got_out_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 3/7 Glottal reinforcement .ipa[[ ʔ͡t ]] .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - formant movement indicating tongue gesture - release burst - irregular vibration ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 19 yo, Northampton <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_01_but_overall.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 4/7: Inaudible release .ipa[[ t̚ ]] .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - formant movement indicating tongue gesture - no release burst - no irregular vibration ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 29 yo, Worcester <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_04_a_lot_of_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 5/7 Flap .ipa[[ ɾ ]] flap .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - clear auditory impression - hold stage + release - decrease in intensity ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 18 yo, West Roxbury <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_03_get_away_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 6/7 'regular' release .ipa[[ t ]] .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - identifiable hold stage - discernible release burst ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 21 yo, Worcester <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_20_but_even_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- # 7/7 Deletion .ipa[[ ∅ ]] .fl.w-30[ .font140[ - no discernible trace of the consonant ] ] .fl.w-70[ .center[ ### 20 yo, Westwood <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_05_a_lot_of_siblings_snippet1.wav" controls preload></audio><audio src="media/spectrograms/int_05_a_lot_of_siblings_snippet2.wav" controls preload></audio> ] ] --- class:center # Wavelet prosody toolkit <img src="media/wavelets.gif" alt="wavelets in action" width="50%" height="50%"> https://github.com/asuni/wavelet_prosody_toolkit --- class: center, middle, inverse # Results --- # Overall distribution of allophones <img src="media/plots/allophones_overall.png" width="85%" height="85%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: center, middle, inverse .f1[ .ipa[ʔ] and .ipa[◌̰] → .ipa[ʔ] ] -- .f1[ .ipa[ɾ] → .ipa[ɾ] ] -- .f1[ the rest → 🚮 ] -- .f1[ *N* = 1,652 → 1,517 ] --- # Distribution by strength of prosodic boundary .pull-left[ <img src="media/plots/by_boundary_continuous.png" width="100%" height="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] -- .pull-right[ <img src="media/plots/by_boundary_discrete.png" width="100%" height="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] --- # Duration of `\(word_1\)` <img src="media/plots/word_duration.png" width="80%" height="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Individual variation <img src="media/plots/by_speaker_binary.png" width="100%" height="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: center, middle, inverse # Modeling results --- # Modeling results :: Average probability of .ipa[ʔ] <img src="media/plots/intercept_probs_big.png" width="75%" height="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> Probability of glottaling over flapping, shaded area indicates 95% Credible Interval --- # Modeling results :: Predictors (fixed effects) <img src="media/plots/coefs.png" width="75%" height="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Random forest <img src="media/plots/forest.png" width="75%" height="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Discussion :: Production planning <img src="media/infographic.png" width="90%" height="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: middle, keep-h1-up # Conclusions .font180[ - T-glottaling rate: empirical 32%, fitted: 8%, 95%CrI = [4%, 15%] - Most common realizations: .ipa[[ɾ]] > .ipa[[ʔ]] | .ipa[[ ◌̰ ]] > .ipa[[ ∅ ]] , next to no .ipa[[t]] - More .blue[**prominent boundary**], .blue[**longer first word**], .red[**lower predictability**] are positively associated with probability of t-glottaling - The less likely the two words are to be planned together, the more likely t-glottaling becomes ] --- class: center # Thank you! <img src="media/plots/intercept_probs_small.png" width="30%" height="30%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .pull-left[ <img src="media/wavelets.gif" alt="wavelets in action" width="60%" height="60%"> ] .pull-right[ <img src="media/plots/coefs.png" width="70%" height="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ] This research was supported by the Polish-American Fulbright Commission <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M16.1 260.2c-22.6 12.9-20.5 47.3 3.6 57.3L160 376V479.3c0 18.1 14.6 32.7 32.7 32.7c9.7 0 18.9-4.3 25.1-11.8l62-74.3 123.9 51.6c18.9 7.9 40.8-4.5 43.9-24.7l64-416c1.9-12.1-3.4-24.3-13.5-31.2s-23.3-7.5-34-1.4l-448 256zm52.1 25.5L409.7 90.6 190.1 336l1.2 1L68.2 285.7zM403.3 425.4L236.7 355.9 450.8 116.6 403.3 425.4z"/></svg> [kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl](mailto:kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl) --- class: center # wavelets :: prosodic vs. syntactic boundaries <img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-28-1.png" width="80%" height="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> <audio src="media/spectrograms/int_09_zoom_TextGrid__1077_633_1081_483_snippet.wav" controls preload></audio> ??? No automatically detected prosodic boundary at X: "I don't get it X I hate", but there is a syntactic boundary. Maybe glottaling is a more direct reflection of syntax than of prosody? Or maybe the objective, signal derived prosody is not the right approach?