+ - 0:00:00
Notes for current slide
Notes for next slide

T-glottaling in American English

2 / 31

T-glottaling in American English

3 / 31

T-glottaling in American English

Unexpected: Competes with flapping

4 / 31

Ex. 1: Intervocalic /t/ as a glottal stop

5 / 31

Ex. 2: Intervocalic /t/ as an 'incomplete' glottal stop

6 / 31

T-glottaling; gender by age effect

Kaźmierski, Kamil. 2020. Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English. Laboratory Phonology 11(1), 1-23.

7 / 31

Method :: Data

  • Speakers from Massachusetts (N = 20)
  • Interview speech (UMass Amherst lab)
  • ASR with WebMAUS (LST Radboud University)
  • aligned with FAVE-Align (Rosenfelder et al. 2014)
  • Audio & TextGrids available at https://osf.io/mfu5y/

8 / 31

Method :: Analysis

  • Corpus querying in Labb-CAT (Fromont & Hay 2012)
  • 1,652 two word sequences with word-final pre-vocalic /t/
    • Contexts with word$_2$ starting in /ən/ and /ɪn/ omitted
  • Manual annotation of /t/ based on audition + spectrograms
    • Boundaries hand-corrected
  • Automatic annotation of prosodic boundaries with wavelet prosody toolkit (Suni et al. 2020)
  • Bayesian Mixed-effects Binomial Logistic Regresion Modeling with brms (Bürkner 2017) in R (R Core Team 2023)
9 / 31

1/7: Glottal stop [ ʔ ]

  • no release burst
  • identifiable hold stage
  • irregular vibration before and/or after

19 yo, Northampton

10 / 31

2/7 Incomplete glottal stop [ ◌̰ ]

  • no release burst
  • irregular vibration throughout

21 yo, Framingham

11 / 31

3/7 Glottal reinforcement [ ʔ͡t ]

  • formant movement indicating tongue gesture
  • release burst
  • irregular vibration

19 yo, Northampton

12 / 31

4/7: Inaudible release [ t̚ ]

  • formant movement indicating tongue gesture
  • no release burst
  • no irregular vibration

29 yo, Worcester

13 / 31

5/7 Flap [ ɾ ] flap

  • clear auditory impression
  • hold stage + release
  • decrease in intensity

18 yo, West Roxbury

14 / 31

6/7 'regular' release [ t ]

  • identifiable hold stage
  • discernible release burst

21 yo, Worcester

15 / 31

7/7 Deletion [ ∅ ]

  • no discernible trace of the consonant

20 yo, Westwood

16 / 31

Wavelet prosody toolkit

wavelets in action

https://github.com/asuni/wavelet_prosody_toolkit

17 / 31

Results

18 / 31

Overall distribution of allophones

19 / 31

ʔ and ◌̰ → ʔ

20 / 31

ʔ and ◌̰ → ʔ

ɾ → ɾ

20 / 31

ʔ and ◌̰ → ʔ

ɾ → ɾ

the rest → 🚮

20 / 31

ʔ and ◌̰ → ʔ

ɾ → ɾ

the rest → 🚮

N = 1,652 → 1,517

20 / 31

Distribution by strength of prosodic boundary

21 / 31

Distribution by strength of prosodic boundary

21 / 31

Duration of \(word_1\)

22 / 31

Individual variation

23 / 31

Modeling results

24 / 31

Modeling results :: Average probability of ʔ

Probability of glottaling over flapping, shaded area indicates 95% Credible Interval

25 / 31

Modeling results :: Predictors (fixed effects)

26 / 31

Random forest

27 / 31

Discussion :: Production planning

28 / 31

Conclusions

  • T-glottaling rate: empirical 32%, fitted: 8%, 95%CrI = [4%, 15%]
  • Most common realizations: [ɾ] > [ʔ] | [ ◌̰ ] > [ ∅ ] , next to no [t]
  • More prominent boundary, longer first word, lower predictability are positively associated with probability of t-glottaling
  • The less likely the two words are to be planned together, the more likely t-glottaling becomes
29 / 31

Thank you!

wavelets in action

This research was supported by the Polish-American Fulbright Commission

kamil.kazmierski@amu.edu.pl

30 / 31

wavelets :: prosodic vs. syntactic boundaries

31 / 31

No automatically detected prosodic boundary at X: "I don't get it X I hate", but there is a syntactic boundary. Maybe glottaling is a more direct reflection of syntax than of prosody? Or maybe the objective, signal derived prosody is not the right approach?

T-glottaling in American English

2 / 31
Paused

Help

Keyboard shortcuts

↑, ←, Pg Up, k Go to previous slide
↓, →, Pg Dn, Space, j Go to next slide
Home Go to first slide
End Go to last slide
Number + Return Go to specific slide
b / m / f Toggle blackout / mirrored / fullscreen mode
c Clone slideshow
p Toggle presenter mode
t Restart the presentation timer
?, h Toggle this help
oTile View: Overview of Slides
sToggle scribble toolbox
Esc Back to slideshow